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Hi,<00:00:10.880><c> my</c><00:00:11.120><c> name</c><00:00:11.200><c> is</c><00:00:11.360><c> Jaikumar</c><00:00:11.920><c> Ganesh.</c><00:00:12.559><c> I'm</c><00:00:12.800><c> the</c>

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Hi, my name is Jaikumar Ganesh. I'm the
 

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Hi, my name is Jaikumar Ganesh. I'm the
head<00:00:13.040><c> of</c><00:00:13.200><c> engineering</c><00:00:13.599><c> at</c><00:00:13.840><c> Any</c><00:00:14.080><c> Scale.</c><00:00:14.719><c> Any</c>

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head of engineering at Any Scale. Any
 

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head of engineering at Any Scale. Any
scale<00:00:15.200><c> is</c><00:00:15.360><c> the</c><00:00:15.519><c> company</c><00:00:15.679><c> behind</c><00:00:16.000><c> Ray,</c><00:00:16.560><c> the</c>

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scale is the company behind Ray, the
 

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scale is the company behind Ray, the
popular<00:00:17.199><c> software</c><00:00:17.600><c> for</c><00:00:17.920><c> scaling</c><00:00:18.640><c> AI</c><00:00:18.960><c> and</c>

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popular software for scaling AI and
 

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popular software for scaling AI and
machine<00:00:19.520><c> learning</c><00:00:19.840><c> systems.</c><00:00:20.400><c> I</c><00:00:20.640><c> think</c><00:00:20.800><c> AI</c><00:00:21.119><c> has</c>

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machine learning systems. I think AI has
 

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machine learning systems. I think AI has
enabled<00:00:21.600><c> so</c><00:00:21.840><c> many</c><00:00:22.000><c> use</c><00:00:22.160><c> cases.</c><00:00:23.039><c> You</c><00:00:23.199><c> know</c>

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enabled so many use cases. You know
 

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enabled so many use cases. You know
there<00:00:23.600><c> is</c><00:00:23.760><c> a</c><00:00:23.920><c> small</c><00:00:24.160><c> company</c><00:00:24.400><c> called</c><00:00:24.640><c> Halter</c>

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there is a small company called Halter
 

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there is a small company called Halter
in<00:00:25.279><c> New</c><00:00:25.439><c> Zealand</c><00:00:26.400><c> which</c>

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in New Zealand which
 

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in New Zealand which
makes<00:00:28.480><c> farmers</c><00:00:28.960><c> a</c><00:00:29.199><c> lot</c><00:00:29.279><c> more</c><00:00:29.599><c> efficient</c><00:00:30.080><c> with</c>

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makes farmers a lot more efficient with
 

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makes farmers a lot more efficient with
their<00:00:30.640><c> cow</c><00:00:31.199><c> and</c><00:00:31.439><c> they</c><00:00:31.760><c> use</c><00:00:32.160><c> AI</c><00:00:33.120><c> to</c><00:00:33.600><c> figure</c><00:00:33.920><c> out</c>

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their cow and they use AI to figure out
 

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their cow and they use AI to figure out
where<00:00:34.399><c> the</c><00:00:34.559><c> cow</c><00:00:34.960><c> should</c><00:00:35.200><c> be</c><00:00:35.360><c> going</c><00:00:36.160><c> um</c><00:00:36.399><c> in</c><00:00:36.640><c> that</c>

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where the cow should be going um in that
 

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where the cow should be going um in that
particular<00:00:37.280><c> farm</c><00:00:37.840><c> on</c><00:00:38.079><c> that</c><00:00:38.320><c> particular</c><00:00:38.640><c> day.</c>

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particular farm on that particular day.
 

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particular farm on that particular day.
So<00:00:40.000><c> there</c><00:00:40.320><c> is</c><00:00:40.640><c> biioarma</c><00:00:41.360><c> companies</c><00:00:41.840><c> using</c><00:00:42.160><c> AI</c>

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So there is biioarma companies using AI
 

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So there is biioarma companies using AI
for<00:00:42.719><c> drug</c><00:00:42.960><c> discovery.</c><00:00:43.760><c> Right?</c><00:00:44.079><c> So</c><00:00:44.399><c> there</c><00:00:44.559><c> is</c><00:00:44.719><c> a</c>

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for drug discovery. Right? So there is a
 

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for drug discovery. Right? So there is a
lot<00:00:45.040><c> of</c><00:00:45.200><c> such</c><00:00:45.440><c> use</c><00:00:45.680><c> cases</c><00:00:46.079><c> in</c><00:00:46.399><c> different</c>

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lot of such use cases in different
 

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lot of such use cases in different
verticals<00:00:47.920><c> which</c><00:00:48.239><c> have</c><00:00:49.360><c> impacted</c><00:00:50.480><c> humanity</c>

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verticals which have impacted humanity
 

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verticals which have impacted humanity
in<00:00:51.120><c> a</c><00:00:51.280><c> positive</c><00:00:51.680><c> way,</c><00:00:52.160><c> improved</c><00:00:52.559><c> efficiency</c>

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in a positive way, improved efficiency
 

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in a positive way, improved efficiency
and<00:00:54.320><c> improved</c><00:00:54.719><c> productivity.</c><00:00:55.440><c> So</c><00:00:55.600><c> that's</c>

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and improved productivity. So that's
 

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and improved productivity. So that's
what<00:00:56.079><c> excites</c><00:00:56.480><c> me</c><00:00:56.640><c> about</c><00:00:56.800><c> AI.</c><00:00:57.199><c> I</c><00:00:57.440><c> think</c>

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what excites me about AI. I think
 

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what excites me about AI. I think
reliable<00:00:58.239><c> AI</c><00:00:58.800><c> is</c><00:00:59.199><c> a</c><00:00:59.760><c> really</c><00:01:01.039><c> deep</c><00:01:01.440><c> topic.</c><00:01:02.000><c> So</c>

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reliable AI is a really deep topic. So
 

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reliable AI is a really deep topic. So
reliable<00:01:02.800><c> AI</c><00:01:03.920><c> can</c><00:01:04.159><c> mean</c><00:01:04.400><c> different</c><00:01:04.640><c> things</c>

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reliable AI can mean different things
 

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reliable AI can mean different things
for<00:01:04.960><c> different</c><00:01:05.199><c> people,</c><00:01:05.600><c> right?</c><00:01:05.760><c> So</c><00:01:05.920><c> if</c><00:01:06.080><c> you</c>

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for different people, right? So if you
 

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for different people, right? So if you
pull<00:01:06.560><c> up</c><00:01:06.720><c> chat</c><00:01:07.040><c> GPD</c><00:01:07.439><c> and</c><00:01:07.680><c> it</c><00:01:07.840><c> just</c><00:01:08.080><c> works,</c><00:01:08.640><c> that</c>

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pull up chat GPD and it just works, that
 

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pull up chat GPD and it just works, that
may<00:01:08.960><c> be</c><00:01:09.119><c> reliable</c><00:01:10.080><c> for</c><00:01:10.400><c> someone.</c><00:01:11.439><c> And</c><00:01:12.159><c> if</c><00:01:12.400><c> you</c>

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may be reliable for someone. And if you
 

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may be reliable for someone. And if you
ask<00:01:12.720><c> the</c><00:01:12.960><c> same</c><00:01:13.119><c> question,</c><00:01:13.439><c> if</c><00:01:13.600><c> you</c><00:01:13.760><c> keep</c>

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ask the same question, if you keep
 

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ask the same question, if you keep
getting<00:01:14.159><c> the</c><00:01:14.400><c> same</c><00:01:14.640><c> answer,</c><00:01:15.040><c> that</c><00:01:15.280><c> may</c><00:01:15.439><c> be</c>

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getting the same answer, that may be
 

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getting the same answer, that may be
reliable<00:01:16.000><c> for</c><00:01:16.159><c> someone.</c><00:01:17.119><c> That</c><00:01:17.360><c> doesn't</c>

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reliable for someone. That doesn't
 

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reliable for someone. That doesn't
happen<00:01:17.920><c> by</c><00:01:18.240><c> default</c><00:01:18.560><c> because</c><00:01:18.799><c> of</c><00:01:18.960><c> the</c><00:01:19.119><c> way</c>

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happen by default because of the way
 

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happen by default because of the way
LLM's<00:01:20.960><c> uh</c><00:01:21.200><c> work.</c><00:01:21.920><c> But</c><00:01:22.080><c> reliability</c><00:01:22.720><c> for</c><00:01:23.040><c> me</c><00:01:23.280><c> is</c>

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LLM's uh work. But reliability for me is
 

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LLM's uh work. But reliability for me is
more<00:01:24.159><c> at</c><00:01:24.400><c> a</c><00:01:25.040><c> higher</c><00:01:25.439><c> level.</c><00:01:25.920><c> If</c><00:01:26.000><c> a</c><00:01:26.320><c> user</c><00:01:26.720><c> wants</c>

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more at a higher level. If a user wants
 

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more at a higher level. If a user wants
to<00:01:27.360><c> do</c><00:01:28.159><c> X</c><00:01:29.200><c> and</c><00:01:29.520><c> whatever</c><00:01:29.920><c> the</c><00:01:30.080><c> AI</c><00:01:30.560><c> system</c><00:01:30.799><c> that</c>

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to do X and whatever the AI system that
 

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to do X and whatever the AI system that
they're<00:01:31.360><c> using</c><00:01:32.479><c> allows</c><00:01:33.040><c> them</c><00:01:33.759><c> to</c><00:01:34.000><c> do</c><00:01:34.320><c> X</c><00:01:35.439><c> in</c><00:01:36.079><c> a</c>

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they're using allows them to do X in a
 

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they're using allows them to do X in a
very<00:01:36.640><c> efficient</c><00:01:37.040><c> way</c><00:01:37.200><c> without</c><00:01:37.600><c> coming</c><00:01:37.840><c> in</c><00:01:38.079><c> the</c>

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very efficient way without coming in the
 

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very efficient way without coming in the
way<00:01:38.720><c> and</c><00:01:39.119><c> enables</c><00:01:39.600><c> to</c><00:01:39.759><c> achieve</c><00:01:40.079><c> their</c><00:01:40.320><c> goal.</c>

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way and enables to achieve their goal.
 

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way and enables to achieve their goal.
Um<00:01:41.920><c> that's</c><00:01:42.320><c> what</c><00:01:42.799><c> a</c><00:01:43.040><c> reliable</c><00:01:43.439><c> AI</c><00:01:43.680><c> is.</c><00:01:44.000><c> It's</c>

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Um that's what a reliable AI is. It's
 

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Um that's what a reliable AI is. It's
like<00:01:44.400><c> you</c><00:01:44.560><c> know</c><00:01:44.880><c> the</c><00:01:45.119><c> magic</c><00:01:45.600><c> moments.</c><00:01:46.240><c> If</c><00:01:46.479><c> AI</c>

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like you know the magic moments. If AI
 

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like you know the magic moments. If AI
can<00:01:46.960><c> create</c><00:01:47.200><c> those</c><00:01:47.520><c> magic</c><00:01:47.840><c> moments</c><00:01:48.159><c> it</c><00:01:48.399><c> can</c><00:01:48.479><c> be</c>

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can create those magic moments it can be
 

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can create those magic moments it can be
a<00:01:48.720><c> magic</c><00:01:48.960><c> moment</c><00:01:49.200><c> in</c><00:01:49.360><c> a</c><00:01:49.520><c> mundane</c><00:01:49.920><c> task.</c><00:01:50.560><c> It</c><00:01:50.720><c> can</c>

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a magic moment in a mundane task. It can
 

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a magic moment in a mundane task. It can
be<00:01:50.960><c> a</c><00:01:51.119><c> magic</c><00:01:51.520><c> moment</c><00:01:51.759><c> in</c><00:01:51.920><c> an</c><00:01:52.159><c> exploratory</c>

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be a magic moment in an exploratory
 

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be a magic moment in an exploratory
task.<00:01:53.520><c> when</c><00:01:53.759><c> the</c><00:01:53.920><c> user</c><00:01:54.159><c> gets</c><00:01:54.479><c> satisfied</c><00:01:55.040><c> that</c>

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task. when the user gets satisfied that
 

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task. when the user gets satisfied that
for<00:01:55.520><c> me</c><00:01:55.680><c> is</c><00:01:55.920><c> reliability.</c><00:01:56.720><c> Yeah.</c><00:01:56.960><c> So</c><00:01:57.119><c> I</c><00:01:57.360><c> think</c>

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for me is reliability. Yeah. So I think
 

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for me is reliability. Yeah. So I think
we<00:01:59.119><c> at</c><00:01:59.200><c> least</c><00:01:59.520><c> people</c><00:01:59.680><c> living</c><00:01:59.920><c> in</c><00:02:00.000><c> the</c><00:02:00.079><c> Bay</c>

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we at least people living in the Bay
 

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we at least people living in the Bay
Area<00:02:00.560><c> here</c><00:02:01.360><c> uh</c><00:02:01.520><c> are</c><00:02:01.680><c> in</c><00:02:01.840><c> a</c><00:02:02.000><c> bubble</c><00:02:02.960><c> and</c><00:02:03.360><c> you</c>

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Area here uh are in a bubble and you
 

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Area here uh are in a bubble and you
know<00:02:03.840><c> we</c><00:02:04.079><c> talk</c><00:02:04.320><c> about</c><00:02:04.799><c> the</c><00:02:05.119><c> latest</c><00:02:05.439><c> AI</c>

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know we talk about the latest AI
 

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know we talk about the latest AI
advancements<00:02:06.640><c> we</c><00:02:06.960><c> talk</c><00:02:07.200><c> about</c><00:02:07.439><c> like</c><00:02:08.080><c> GPU</c>

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advancements we talk about like GPU
 

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advancements we talk about like GPU
availability<00:02:09.360><c> all</c><00:02:09.520><c> those</c><00:02:09.759><c> are</c><00:02:09.920><c> real</c><00:02:10.160><c> problems</c>

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availability all those are real problems
 

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availability all those are real problems
but<00:02:11.120><c> there</c><00:02:11.280><c> is</c><00:02:11.440><c> a</c><00:02:11.760><c> huge</c><00:02:12.319><c> huge</c><00:02:12.720><c> world</c><00:02:12.959><c> outside</c>

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but there is a huge huge world outside
 

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but there is a huge huge world outside
of<00:02:13.440><c> the</c><00:02:13.599><c> Bay</c><00:02:13.760><c> Area</c><00:02:14.400><c> there</c><00:02:14.560><c> are</c><00:02:14.800><c> so</c><00:02:15.040><c> many</c>

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of the Bay Area there are so many
 

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of the Bay Area there are so many
different<00:02:15.599><c> industries</c><00:02:16.879><c> which</c><00:02:17.200><c> can</c><00:02:17.440><c> benefit</c>

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different industries which can benefit
 

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different industries which can benefit
uh<00:02:18.640><c> with</c><00:02:18.879><c> AI.</c><00:02:19.200><c> So</c><00:02:19.440><c> coming</c><00:02:19.680><c> back</c><00:02:19.840><c> to</c><00:02:20.000><c> my</c>

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uh with AI. So coming back to my
 

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uh with AI. So coming back to my
definition<00:02:20.560><c> of</c><00:02:20.800><c> reliability</c><00:02:22.000><c> using</c><00:02:23.120><c> AI</c>

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definition of reliability using AI
 

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definition of reliability using AI
techniques,<00:02:24.480><c> AI</c>

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techniques, AI
 

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techniques, AI
agents,<00:02:26.720><c> using</c><00:02:27.040><c> AI</c><00:02:27.440><c> applications,</c>

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agents, using AI applications,
 

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agents, using AI applications,
working<00:02:29.599><c> with</c><00:02:29.840><c> all</c><00:02:30.000><c> these</c><00:02:30.319><c> industries</c><00:02:30.720><c> that</c>

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working with all these industries that
 

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working with all these industries that
Bay<00:02:31.040><c> Area</c><00:02:31.360><c> does</c><00:02:31.520><c> not</c><00:02:31.680><c> think</c><00:02:32.160><c> on</c><00:02:32.400><c> a</c><00:02:32.560><c> day-to-day</c>

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Bay Area does not think on a day-to-day
 

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Bay Area does not think on a day-to-day
basis<00:02:34.000><c> is</c><00:02:34.239><c> what</c><00:02:34.480><c> I</c><00:02:34.720><c> believe</c><00:02:34.959><c> Bay</c><00:02:35.120><c> Area</c><00:02:35.360><c> should</c>

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basis is what I believe Bay Area should
 

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basis is what I believe Bay Area should
focus<00:02:35.760><c> more</c><00:02:35.920><c> on.</c><00:02:36.239><c> Some</c><00:02:36.480><c> people</c><00:02:36.640><c> call</c><00:02:36.800><c> it</c><00:02:36.959><c> quote</c>

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focus more on. Some people call it quote
 

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focus more on. Some people call it quote
unquote<00:02:37.519><c> the</c><00:02:37.680><c> boring</c><00:02:38.000><c> AI.</c><00:02:38.640><c> Uh</c><00:02:38.879><c> but</c><00:02:39.120><c> it's</c><00:02:39.360><c> very</c>

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unquote the boring AI. Uh but it's very
 

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unquote the boring AI. Uh but it's very
very<00:02:39.920><c> impactful.</c><00:02:40.720><c> The</c><00:02:40.959><c> AI</c><00:02:41.360><c> stack</c><00:02:42.160><c> has</c>

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very impactful. The AI stack has
 

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very impactful. The AI stack has
fundamentally<00:02:43.120><c> changed</c><00:02:43.519><c> as</c><00:02:43.840><c> the</c><00:02:44.000><c> technology</c>

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fundamentally changed as the technology
 

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fundamentally changed as the technology
has<00:02:44.800><c> changed.</c><00:02:45.680><c> Um,</c><00:02:46.400><c> previously</c><00:02:46.879><c> it</c><00:02:47.120><c> used</c><00:02:47.280><c> to</c>

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has changed. Um, previously it used to
 

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has changed. Um, previously it used to
be<00:02:47.440><c> the</c><00:02:47.599><c> LAMP</c><00:02:48.000><c> stack,</c><00:02:48.560><c> Linux,</c><00:02:49.920><c> Apache,</c><00:02:50.879><c> MySQL,</c>

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be the LAMP stack, Linux, Apache, MySQL,
 

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be the LAMP stack, Linux, Apache, MySQL,
PHP.<00:02:52.800><c> Now</c><00:02:52.959><c> we</c><00:02:53.200><c> have</c><00:02:53.280><c> a</c><00:02:53.519><c> new</c><00:02:53.680><c> stack.</c><00:02:54.080><c> We're</c>

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PHP. Now we have a new stack. We're
 

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PHP. Now we have a new stack. We're
calling<00:02:54.560><c> it</c><00:02:54.720><c> the</c><00:02:54.959><c> park</c><00:02:55.280><c> stack.</c><00:02:56.319><c> Pyarch,</c>

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calling it the park stack. Pyarch,
 

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calling it the park stack. Pyarch,
AI<00:02:58.879><c> foundation</c><00:02:59.360><c> models,</c><00:02:59.840><c> agents,</c>

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AI foundation models, agents,
 

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AI foundation models, agents,
frameworks,<00:03:01.120><c> ray,</c><00:03:01.440><c> and</c><00:03:01.760><c> kubernetes.</c><00:03:03.120><c> P</c><00:03:03.440><c> A</c><00:03:03.840><c> R</c><00:03:04.159><c> K</c>

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frameworks, ray, and kubernetes. P A R K
 

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frameworks, ray, and kubernetes. P A R K
park<00:03:05.200><c> stack.</c><00:03:05.920><c> And</c><00:03:06.080><c> it's</c><00:03:06.319><c> kind</c><00:03:06.480><c> of</c><00:03:06.560><c> funny</c>

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park stack. And it's kind of funny
 

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park stack. And it's kind of funny
because<00:03:06.959><c> it</c><00:03:07.200><c> has</c><00:03:07.360><c> got</c><00:03:07.519><c> AI</c><00:03:08.480><c> within</c><00:03:08.879><c> the</c><00:03:09.120><c> AI</c>

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because it has got AI within the AI
 

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because it has got AI within the AI
stack<00:03:09.680><c> in</c><00:03:09.840><c> a</c><00:03:10.000><c> recursive</c><00:03:10.480><c> way.</c><00:03:10.959><c> So</c><00:03:11.200><c> this</c><00:03:11.519><c> stack</c>

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stack in a recursive way. So this stack
 

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stack in a recursive way. So this stack
we<00:03:12.239><c> are</c><00:03:12.400><c> seeing</c><00:03:12.640><c> adoption</c><00:03:13.200><c> across</c><00:03:14.000><c> lots</c><00:03:14.319><c> of</c>

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we are seeing adoption across lots of
 

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we are seeing adoption across lots of
companies<00:03:15.360><c> Pinterest,</c><00:03:16.000><c> Uber,</c><00:03:16.560><c> Roblox,</c>

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companies Pinterest, Uber, Roblox,
 

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companies Pinterest, Uber, Roblox,
Netflix,<00:03:17.920><c> Apple,</c><00:03:18.400><c> Shopify,</c><00:03:19.760><c> cursor,</c><00:03:20.400><c> bunch</c>

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Netflix, Apple, Shopify, cursor, bunch
 

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Netflix, Apple, Shopify, cursor, bunch
of<00:03:20.720><c> these</c><00:03:20.959><c> companies</c><00:03:21.360><c> are</c><00:03:21.599><c> adopting</c><00:03:22.720><c> some</c>

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of these companies are adopting some
 

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of these companies are adopting some
form<00:03:23.200><c> of</c><00:03:23.360><c> this</c><00:03:23.599><c> stack.</c><00:03:24.080><c> So</c><00:03:24.319><c> this</c><00:03:24.480><c> is</c><00:03:24.560><c> the</c><00:03:24.720><c> AI</c>

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form of this stack. So this is the AI
 

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form of this stack. So this is the AI
infrastruct

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3<00:03:30.640><c> to</c><00:03:30.879><c> 5</c><00:03:31.040><c> years.</c>